Osteoporosis is a common bone disease. The bone fragility increases due to osteoporosis, which has become a public health issue especially after the lifespan has increased. Usually, this condition is observed in patients over the age of 45. The connection between this condition and bone fractures is the aspect of osteoporosis that has made it a public health issue. The fractures caused by osteoporosis are usually occur in the hip, vertebra and wrist areas. Insufficiency of vitamin and mineral intake, or excessive consumption of caffeine, sodium, potassium and alcohol are the main causes of osteoporosis. The osteoporosis treatment may be performed with several different methods. Therefore, medication or hormone replacement treatment may be available.

Methods of Treatment for Osteoporosis

There are several methods for protecting the bone density and reduce the risk of fractures in the osteoporosis treatment. Over the course of the treatment, the patient’s age, medical condition, needs, and lifestyle must be considered. Within this context, the patients must be provided with the sufficient amounts of calcium and Vitamin D during the treatment. Additionally, the patients should avoid smoking and alcohol, and engage in exercise for the treatment process. The patients who are thought to be eligible to have osteoporosis treatment should be informed on the risk factors associated with this condition. Calcium and Vitamin D intake, and exercise should be included into the treatment process. Thus, 15 minutes of sunbathing is enough for the body to create and store Vitamin D.

Also, the secondary causes of the osteoporosis should be researched, and bone mineral density should be assessed, including the vertebral area. Among the FDA-approved medication for the treatment and protection are; bisphosphonates, estrogens, calcitonin, parathyroid hormones, and RANK ligand inhibitor Denosumab. Bisphosphonates prevent bone deterioration, increases the bone weight and reduces the number of fractures. Several types of bisphosphonates, that can be taken on a week or month basis, are available on the market with different effects and side effects. Hormone replacement treatment (HRT) is also one of the methods used for the osteoporosis treatment.

According to the recent studies conducted on a great number of women the role of HRT on the treatment has been reassessed. Aside from the hormone replacement treatment, which has positive effects on the bones and used in the

treatment of menopause-related symptoms, there are more effective different treatment methods for osteoporosis that does not necessarily engage with hormones.